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As to the ritualistic section, despite the chance of misunderstanding the scriptures owing to error in the rhythm and sound, it is possible to do away with any imperfection in the performance by prāyaśchitta or an expiatory act. ( Answer:)-Though subservient to both, it has to be given in the theosophical section in order to shew its greater use as regards knowledge.
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( Objection:)-Then, as subservient to both, let it be given at the beginning of the Veda. For that very reason,-as the lesson subserves both the sections,-it is given between the two sections. ( Objection:)-If so, this lesson should have been given in the karma-kāṇḍa or ritualistic section. That thunderbolt of speech will ruin the worshipper as the word ‘indra-śatru’ did owing to a fault in rhythm” It has been said, “The Mantra, when wanting in rhythm or sound, or when wrongly used, conveys not the intended idea. As the text of the Upaniṣad is mainly intended for a knowledge of the things therein treated of, one should spare no pains in learning the text and accordingly the Upaniṣad proceeds with a lesson on phonetics. Here one may ask, what if one be careless? We reply: carelessness will lead to evil. Union: conjunction of several sounds.-These are the things to be learnt. Thus far is the lesson on phonetics, in these Words the Upaniṣad concludes the present subject with a view to proceed to the next.įor him who, by the recitation of the mantra given in the first anuvāka, has removed obstacles, it is proper to proceed with the text treating of the ways of contemplation and of the nature of Brahman. Modulation: pronunciation of sounds in the middle tone. Rhythm: such as udātta or high-pitched tone. Or, the word ‘śikṣā’ may here signify the sounds etc., which are treated of in that science. Phonetics (Śikṣā) is the science which treats of sounds and their pronunciation. Om! We shall treat of the phonetics: sound, rhythm, quantity, strength, modulation, union. Thus has been declared the lesson on phonetics. Therefore here follows a lesson on Śikṣā, the doctrine of pronunciation. The Upaniṣad being mainly intended for a knowledge of its meaning, there should be no want of care in the study of the text.